Pharmacology 1 is completed by credit.
Conditions for granting credit from pharmacology
• active participation in seminars, maximum two absences
• Successful completion of all tests according to the seminar program
Pharmacology final questions exam from 2020/2021
1.
-
Adrenergic mediation (adrenergic neurotransmission, types of receptors,
their localization and function, classification of substances affecting
sympathetic drugs - substances acting directly and indirectly).
- Hypnotics, sedatives.
2.
-
Cholinergic mediation (cholinergic transmission, cholinergic receptors,
their localization and influ-enced functions, main uses of particular
groups of cholinergic substances).
- Drugs affecting bone mineral homeostasis, osteoporosis treatment.
3.
Non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory agents, mechanism of action, therapeutic use, adverse
reactions (including adverse reactions of specific COX-2 inhibitors).
-
Combination of antimicrobial agents; advantages and disadvantages,
examples of synergism and antagonism of individual combinations.
4.
- General anesthetics and medicines used for premedication.
-
Drug distribution in the body (volume of distribution - importance for
drug dosing); one or more compartment models; zero and first order in
pharmacokinetics.
5.
- Oral antidiabetics.
- Central muscle relaxants - mechanism of action, therapeutic and adverse effects.
6.
-
Pharmacokinetics; basic parameters and formulas for calculation of
pharmacokinetic parameters, importance of individual parameters.
- Anticoagulants, including NOAC (new oral anticoagulants).
7.
- Diuretics (classification, mechanisms of action; therapeutic use of individual groups of diuretics).
- Principles of pain management - analgesics
8.
-
Antiepileptic drugs (groups of antiepileptic drugs including newer
drugs, mechanism of action, principles of antiepileptic drug
administration, drug choice for different types of epilepsy).
- Treatment of anaphylactic shock.
9.
- Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's dementia and other degenerative CNS diseases - current possi-bilities of pharmacotherapy.
- Dose-response (dose types, dose-effect relationship, plasma level-effect, therapeutic range, therapeutic index).
10.
- β sympatholytics (classification; cardiac and non-cardiac indications of administration, adverse reactions).
-
Special features of pharmacotherapy in pregnancy and lactation;
teratogenic effects of drugs; medicines that can be used during
pregnancy in severe conditions (hypertension, diabetes, bron-chial
asthma, infectious diseases, epilepsy).
11.
- Ionotropics and medicines used in acute heart failure.
- Drugs used against herpes viruses, influenza viruses and infectious hepatitis (review).
12.
- Neuroleptics (including atypical neuroleptics).
- Clinical trials, bioequivalence studies, evidence-based pharmacotherapy.
13.
- Antimanics and antidepressants (groups of antidepressants including SSRIs, SNRIs, etc.).
- Thyroid drugs.
14.
- Intoxication drugs; principles of patient care, antidotes.
- Antiasthmatics
15.
- Time course of drug levels in the body. Importance for substance dosing optimization. Therapeu-tic drug monitoring (examples).
- Macrolides and antibiotics related to macrolides.
16.
-
Therapeutic options to reduce the activity of the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; impor-tance for prognosis in
cardiovascular diseases.
- Androgens and antiandrogens - effects and therapeutic use.
17.
- Biological, gene therapy, orphan drugs - meaning, examples.
- Glucocorticosteroids - therapeutic use, side effects.
18.
- Medicines used in dermatology.
- Side and adverse effects of drugs - classification (dose-dependent - specific examples). Impor-tance of pharmacovigilance.
19.
- Drugs used in angina (group review, other indications, side effects, absolute contraindications).
-
Side effects of antibiotics (allergic reactions, toxic effects on the
nervous system, locomotive organs, gastrointestinal, haematopoietic,
cardiovascular, nephrotoxicity) - examples.
20.
- Alpha and beta sympathomimetics (classification according to selectivity, therapeutic use, adver-se effects).
-
Drug delivery routes to the body (relationship of the mode of
administration to the rate and du-ration of action of the drug,
relationship to the pharmacokinetics of the substance); dosage forms.
21.
- Second choise antihypertensive drugs.
- Antifungals for general and local use.
22.
- Drugs used to treat obesity and metabolic syndrome.
- Alkylating agents in cancer chemotherapy; mechanism of cytotoxic effect, adverse effects and toxicity, therapeutic use.
23.
- Importance of increased sympathetic activity in cardiovascular diseases - therapeutic possibilities of its reduction.
- Opioid analgesics.
24.
- First-line antihypertensive drugs.
- Antituberculotics.
25.
- Parasympathomimetics (indication of administration, side effects).
- Antiemetics, antimigraines.
26.
- Betalactam antibiotics (except cephalosporins).
-
Special features of pharmacotherapy and drug dosage in children and the
elderly. Dose ad-justment depending on elimination organ function.
27.
- Local anesthetics, overview of substances, intoxication with local anesthetics.
- Intestinal anti-inflammatory and other drugs used in non-specific inflammatory bowel disease (including biological drugs).
28.
-
The mechanism of action of drugs at the molecular level; drug-specific
target structures; drugs with receptor independent effects (examples).
- Cephalosporins (differences between groups, clinical use).
29.
- Therapeutic use of anticholinergic agents.
- Female sex hormones, hormonal contraceptives in women, hormone replacement therapy.
30.
-
Biotransformation of drugs and its importance for the excretion of
drugs from the body (types of biotransfor-mations, enzyme induction and
inhibition).
- Chemotherapy of malignant tumors; classification,
resistance to cytotoxic agents; hormonal sub-stances in the treatment of
malignant tumors, newly developed substances (biological drugs, kina-se
inhibitors, immunotherapeutics, etc.).
31.
- Pharmacotherapy of chronic heart failure.
- Laxatives and constipantion.
32.
- Peripheral muscle relaxants.
- Blood, plasma, blood substitutes; antianemics
33.
- Coronary vasodilators and agents used in ischemic heart disease.
- Tocolytics, uterotonics and uterine-inducing drugs (prostaglandins).
34.
- Antiplatelet and fibrinolytics. Hemostatics, antifibrynollytics.
- Anabolic steroids - therapeutic use and abuse in athletes.
35.
- Alpha-adrenergic sympatholytics, direct vasodilators, venopharmaceuticals.
- Antirheumatics, antiuratics.
36.
- Calcium channel inhibitors.
- Drug interactions: types of interactions, interactions with food (examples). Polypragmasia.
37.
- Interindividual variability in patient sensitivity to drugs (causes). Pharmacogenetics (importance, practical use, examples).
- Antiarrhythmics (classification, mechanism of action); preferentially used antiarrhythmic drugs (including new substances).
38.
- Antihistamines (classification, therapeutic indications, side effects).
- Antimetabolites, antibiotics and plant alkaloids in the treatment of cancer.
39.
-
Basic quantitative aspects of pharmacon-receptor interaction (affinity,
in-trinsic activity); ago-nism, partial agonism, competitive and
non-competitive antagonism (graphically plotted on dose / concentration
curve).
- Immunosuppressants, immunomodulants (clinical application
of immu-nosuppressants, relation-ship betwe-en immunotherapy and tumor
chemotherapy).
40.
- Substances used to treat allergic reactions.
-
Tetracyclines and related antibiotics, glycopeptide antibiotics,
lincosamides, nitroimidazoles, chemotherapeutic agents inhibiting folic
acid pro-duction.
41.
- Antihypertensive overview; position of beta blockers among antihypertensives, beta blockers with vasodilatory effect.
- Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones and their inhibitors - overview, clinical use.
42.
- Drugs used to treat gastroduodenal ulcer disease.
- Antiviral agents; drugs used to treat patients with HIV / AIDS (mechanisms of action, clinical use, side effects).
43.
- Drugs used in cardiology in acute conditions (acute heart failure, myocar-dial infarction, hyper-tensive crisis).
- Substances used in erectile dysfunction.
44.
- Antibiotics for special uses (antistaphylococcal, anaerobes, legionella, chlamydia and pseudomo-nads).
- Antitussives and expectorants; decongestion.
45.
- Aminoglycosides; mechanism of action, indications, side effects.
- Anxiolytics.
46.
- GIT spasmolytics and drugs affecting intestinal motility. Spasmoanalgesia.
-
Adrenal cortex hormones (pharmacodynamic effects, indication of
administration, adverse re-actions); adrenocortical biosynthesis
inhibitors.
47.
-
Basic pharmacokinetic parameters affecting steady-state drug levels -
elimination constant, eli-mination half-life, drug clearance, renal and
non-renal clearance.
- Treatment of addictions; smoking and drug interactions.
48.
- Psychostimulants (clinical use, drug dependence) and nootropic agents.
- Fluoroquinolones, quinolones and medicines for the treatment of urinary infections.
49.
- Hypolipidemics
- Antiprotozoal agents. Clinically used anthelmintics.
50.
Pancreatic hormones; insulin (mechanism of action, types of insulins and their use in the tre-atment of diabetes mellitus).
- Bronchodilators, COPD pharmacotherapy (review).
Rules of pharmacology examinations at the Pharmacological Institute of the First Faculty of Medicine
List of exam dates
All
exam dates will be announced on SIS at the latest by the end of the 5th
week of the semester. The number of exam dates is fixed and finite.
Exam dates for the summer semester will be announced by the end of the 5th week at the latest.
Login to summer semester:
Pre-exam dates and regular exam dates (from the 7th week in the semester)
summer holidays (from the 3rd week of the regular exam period SS)
2nd part of the exam period SS in September (after the end of holiday exam dates)
Rules for enrollment and check-out
The start of recording of exam dates will be indicated in the SIS and will be different for different groups of dates:
• pre- exam dates (from the 7th week in the semester)
• regular examination period (from the 7th week in the semester)
• first 2 weeks in SS for examinations (from the 3rd week of regular exam period)
• summer holidays (from the 3rd week of the regular exam period SS)
• 2nd part of the examination period in September (after the end of the holiday period)
A
student can apply for only one exam date at a time. He / she can enroll
for the next exam date after the "failed" classification or after
logging off from the previous exam date (see below).
The student can
take the exam only if he / she is enrolled for the exam date in SIS and
has fulfilled all the requisites for the exam.
Enrollment for the
exam is not conditioned by the granting of credit, but the examination
is in ad-dition to the credit of the subject is limited by the
completion of the subject, which is a (pre) requi-site. A student who
does not have the requisites will be deleted from the exam before the
exam, and he will receive an e-mail. The exam date is not lost.
Enrollment
for the dates will be possible within 24 hours before the exam.
Check-out will be pos-sible up to 48 hours before the exam.
Failure to attend the exam and apology
The
student must apologize to the assistant Olga Bartošová
(omato@lf1.cuni.cz, tel. 224 968 030, 224 964 133) in writing or
electronically, explaining and substantiating the reason for the
apology.
The student will be informed about the acceptance of the
excuse and will be removed from the original exam date and will be able
to register for a new exam date. The head of the subject may request
clarification of the apology or its reason if the apology is not
sufficient.
Retesting the exam
The
student has the right to take the exam no more than three times;
However, if the student do-es not exhaust these possibilities within the
announced deadlines, this does not constitute a right to announce a
special exam date.
Further exam dates will not be announced.
Examination rules
The
extent of knowledge required for the exam is defined by exam questions,
pharmacology text-book and content of lectures and seminars. It is
assumed that the student will acquire some know-ledge by self-study and
that he / she will be able to apply the knowledge he / she acquired
during the study of other subjects.
The exam consists of two parts -
written and oral. For the 1st and 2nd correction exam the student does
not have to meet the point limit of the test.
It is not allowed to use Pharmindex Brever or other drug databases during the test.
1. Written part
a. Test
Includes
questions from the winter and summer semester. Students must pass a
test with a limit of at least 70% correctly answered questions. If they
do not meet the limit they are classified "failed".
Students do not have to meet the point limit of the test at the 1st and 2nd correction exam.
Test
results are taken into account in the final evaluation (failure to meet
the point limit may result in a significant reduction in the final
evaluation of the exam).
b. Recipe
It
consists of a written prescription of two products. Significant
ignorance may be the reason for the failure of the whole exam.
2. Oral part
It consists of 2 questions that are drawn.
If the student is on the second correction exam (third exam) is examined by a committee of at least two examiners.